A lab run by a Canada Research Chair at the Ottawa Research Institute has retracted a paper — in a journal the chair edits — for what sounds a lot like inappropriate image manipulation.
Here’s the notice from Skeletal Muscle:
The authors would like to retract the article “MyoD-dependent regulation of NF-κB activity couples cell-cycle withdrawal to myogenic differentiation” [1]. After the article was published, the first author revealed that the tubulin blots in Figures 1A, 3E, and 4A are from unrelated samples. The lead author and co-authors apologise to the readers, reviewers and editors for publishing this erroneous data.
The first author, Maura Parker, is now at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Neither she nor corresponding author Michael Rudnicki — who “holds the Canada Research Chair in Molecular Genetics and is an International Research Scholar of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute” — have responded to our requests for comment. Rudnicki is also one of the three editors in chief of Skeletal Muscle. (Rudnicki’s auto-responder said he was unavailable until August 8.)
The work was supported by Rudnicki’s grants
from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Muscular Dystrophy Association, the National Institutes of Health, and the Canada Research Chair Program, and by grants to [author Denis Guttridge of Ohio State] from the National Institutes of Health.
We’re not sure what prompted the retraction, but we do know that the pseudonymous Clare Francis contacted Ottawa officials in April with suspicions of data fabrication.
Fig 6D also looks like a jigsaw puzzle!
Figure 4.
http://www.skeletalmusclejournal.com/content/2/1/6/figure/F4?highres=y
Is the stated reason for the retraction “tubulin blots in Figures 1A, 3E, and 4A are from unrelated samples”
only part of the reason?
Figure 4A, WT (left) tubulin panel. Light area at the end of the band in lane 2 and a step in the level of the bands between lanes 2 and 3. Right tubulin( MyoD-/-) panel change in background between lanes 3 and 4. These would fit the stated reason.
Figure 4A . Right cyclin A (MyoD -/-)panel. Bands right 2 lanes very similar.
Right cdk2 (MyoD-/-) panel. Horizontal changes in background in right-most lane.
Left cyclin E (WT) panel. Bands right 2 lanes identical.
The latter does not fit the stated reason.
Please compare the MyoD-/- panel of figure 4A with the MyoD-/- cylin D3 panel of figure 3E.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356597/figure/F3/
Reblogged at the…just kidding!
That said, I shudder in fear at the day someone designs a little program that generates nondescript images of blots that can be turned into a figure as desired.
Even new versions of Agilent’s Chemstation come with a bewildering array of GLP options and chain-of-custody setups that track almost every change done to the digital copy. That said, academic research has operated as a system of peers on trust; and I worry that those days are fast fading away…
Who needs software? Western blot is already the easiest technique to manipulate. Forget image manipulation, simply fake your gels!
Want a perfect invariant control? just load the same sample n times. Want a nice time-dependent increase / decrease? load the same sample in a serial dilution, ascending or descending as desired. Want a blank lane? Load nothing.Also, forget about weird uncharacterized antibodies… all bands are black, so just use GST (or whatever you have at hand), then label it whatever you want.
Seriously, if you are out for fraud, western blot is your friend. I guess things could improve if editors and journals demanded pictures of full gels instead of allowing the ridiculous collage work that is common these days, but I am not holding my breath that this is gonna happen or that it is gonna make a difference anyway…
AGMMGA July 26, 2013 at 10:32 am
“I guess things could improve if editors and journals demanded pictures of full gels instead of allowing the ridiculous collage work that is common these days”.
Many think that the ridiculous collage work is cool.
They have their model with arrows showing what should go up or down, and by kicking the cells hard enough they can get some results to fulfill expectations, but often not all at the same time. That’s where the collage work comes in so handy. It gets you out of tricky situations and can go on forever. You simply put the westerns in a drawer and hunt through them for something that looks like what you want. You can even get fond of them and use them again. Stranger things have happened.
http://web.archive.org/web/20130415035452/http://www.science-fraud.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SWLee17.jpg
It might actually help if somebody, it might be the editors, or the people who tidy up the office at the end of the day, looked at what was presented for publication. Asking for pictures of full gels is idealistic, starting with small steps has a higher chance of happening.
There are 79 publications for the journal Skelet Muscle in pubmed. They are all free to look at.
I takes an hour to go through the westerns in them (they do not all have westerns). I thought 7 out of the 79 total publications have odd images. One of these has been retracted (the topic of this post). Some more might need to go. There is a spectrum. They do need to be looked at.
The references for the webpage.
Mol Cell Biol 2000;20;7450-9; PMID11003642
EMBO J 2003;22;1289-301; PMID12628922
Good points Fernando.
Also, asking for full gels only means I have to find multiple “standards” at different molecular weights to fake the gels… or look harder in my drawers for a good blot to paste in. Still not impossible.
I suppose science will always be based on an implicit bond of trust – as a reviewer, I’ll check you have not made mistakes, but I cannot quite check that you have not faked your data – unless you are an idiot who sucks at photoshop. To see a silver lining in these retraction clouds, it seems that a lot of fakers are actually also terrible at fakery.
100% agreed..
One might think that in labs that manipulate images, they believe it is Ok to do this, but not to actually fake the gels? This would be quite weird and perhaps the correct deduction is that they are both so lazy and incompetent that they cannot get off their backsides to run another gel and they wouldn’t know how to calculate the loading or spiking to get the gel they want?
One would need to have the whole Western and a protein stained gel or blot. The sort of things you do anyway as basic quality control, but in some places there isn’t much quality!
Why was not the other Skeletal Muscle paper retracted at the same time, look at Fig. 3A:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3299591/figure/F3/
Some splicing in the Mol Cell Biol paper as well.
Figure 3F. J Cell Biol. 2008 Feb 25;180(4):787-802.
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/180/4/787/F3.large.jpg
Primary myoblasts and C2C12 myoblasts p65 panels. The alpha-Tubulin panels are different.
Yep, those p65 blots looks identical. I am tempted to say that the 4 and 24 weeks of Fig. 2B are consecutive sections of the same sample, because it seems highly unlikely that the cell pattern are that similar.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2536604/figure/F2/
In reply to Junk Science July 24, 2013 at 6:33 pm
Mol Ther. 2008 July; 16(7): 1340–1346.
I am impressed by your observation and inference that “the 4 and 24 weeks of Fig. 2B are consecutive sections of the same sample, because it seems highly unlikely that the cell pattern are that similar”.
I think that you are more than likely correct for the very reason you give.
The penultimate author does have this pubpeer entry
http://pubpeer.com/publications/15466486
Michael Rudnicki has just been named to the Order of Canada.
“The Order recognizes outstanding achievement, dedication to the community and service to to nation.”
Congratulations to Dr. Rudnicki?
2014 correction of 2004 paper posted as a comment by the senior author.
Will that appear in the Pubmed record?
http://www.plosbiology.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=74973
Original article.
PLoS Biol. 2004 May;2(5):E130. Epub 2004 May 11.
Pax7 is necessary and sufficient for the myogenic specification of CD45+:Sca1+ stem cells from injured muscle.
Seale P, Ishibashi J, Scimè A, Rudnicki MA.
Author information
Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
PMID: 15138500
Now is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada… despite questionable publications